Illicit drug markets differ in two key ways: monopolies and duopolies dominate and they suffer from asymmetric information problems, with buyers lacking information about the quality or content of products [41].Explore the most recent data on the drug situation rein Europe provided by the EU Member States. These datasets underpin the analysis prese

Without a full understanding of the forces behind major changes hinein the drug supply, it is challenging to predict their trajectory or design effective policy interventions. Policies that punish the powerless, such as dependent heroin users or low-level retail suppliers, will make no inroads in this crisis. Any determination of whether the curren